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MAC搭建GLFW3和GLEW、GLAD的OpenGL环境

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GLFW是什么？

GLFW是一个开源的多平台库，用于桌面上的OpenGL、OpenGL ES和Vulkan开发。它提供了一个简单的API，用于创建窗口、上下文和表面，接收输入和事件。和GLFW类似功能的几个库是GLUT、SDL、SFML和GLFW。我使用的是GLFW，大多数库的配置方法和GLFW差不多。

GLEW是什么？

GLEW是一个跨平台C++扩展库，基于OpenGL图形接口。GLEW能自动识别你的平台上所支持的全部OpenGL高级扩展函数。只要包含一个glew.h头文件，你就能使用gl、glu、wgl、glx的全部函数。GLEW支持目前流行的各种操作系统（包括Windows、Linux、Mac OSX、FreeBSD、Irix 和 Solaris）。

安装GLFW 和 GLEW

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brew install glfw3
brew install glew

安装完成之后，在/opt/homebrew/Cellar路径下可以看见glew和glfw。

GLAD是什么？

GLAD是一个开源库，帮助开发者确定OpenGL函数位置。

安装GLAD

打开GLAD网站https://glad.dav1d.de/，选择3.3以上Core配置，直接Generate下载即可。

下载完成后解压会得到include和src文件夹，include文件夹中有glad和KRH两个文件夹，src中只有一个glad.c文件。

将include下的文件夹，包括glad和KRH都拷贝到/usr/local/include路径下，方便后期配置。

在Xcode配置glew、glfw和glad的路径

在Xcode中配置好glew和glfw、glad的路径

新建项目

新建MAC命令行项目，然后到 build Setting -> Header Search Path 和 Library Search Path 添加相应的配置。

配置Header Search Path：
$(glew_header) 、$(glfw_header)、$(glad_header)

配置Library Search Path：
$(inherited) $(glew_lib) $(glfw_lib)

增加Build Phases配置：
添加glfw和glew的库的时候需要对应的路径

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/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glew/2.2.0_1/lib
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glfw/3.3.6/lib

删除原来的main文件，新建C++的main文件，并创建相应的header文件。如果使用到了GLAD，还需要将glad.c源文件拖到项目中。
测试代码：

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#include <iostream>

// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>

// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>


// Function prototypes
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);

// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;

// Shaders
const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"gl_Position = vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"color = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";

// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Starting GLFW context, OpenGL 3.3" << std::endl;
    // Init GLFW
    glfwInit();
    // Set all the required options for GLFW
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 1);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);
    
    // Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    
    // Set the required callback functions
    glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);
    
    // Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    // Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
    glewInit();
    
    // Define the viewport dimensions
    int width, height;
    glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    
    
    // Build and compile our shader program
    // Vertex shader
    GLint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);
    // Check for compile time errors
    GLint success;
    GLchar infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    // Fragment shader
    GLint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
    // Check for compile time errors
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    // Link shaders
    GLint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
    // Check for linking errors
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
    
    
    // Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
    //GLfloat vertices[] = {
    //  // First triangle
    //   0.5f,  0.5f,  // Top Right
    //   0.5f, -0.5f,  // Bottom Right
    //  -0.5f,  0.5f,  // Top Left
    //  // Second triangle
    //   0.5f, -0.5f,  // Bottom Right
    //  -0.5f, -0.5f,  // Bottom Left
    //  -0.5f,  0.5f   // Top Left
    //};
    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  // Top Right
        0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // Bottom Right
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // Bottom Left
        -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f   // Top Left
    };
    GLuint indices[] = {  // Note that we start from 0!
        0, 1, 3,  // First Triangle
        1, 2, 3   // Second Triangle
    };
    GLuint VBO, VAO, EBO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
    // Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // Note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the currently bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
    
    glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO (it's always a good thing to unbind any buffer/array to prevent strange bugs), remember: do NOT unbind the EBO, keep it bound to this VAO
    
    
    // Uncommenting this call will result in wireframe polygons.
    //glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
    
    // Game loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
        glfwPollEvents();
        
        // Render
        // Clear the colorbuffer
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        
        // Draw our first triangle
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
        glBindVertexArray(0);
        
        // Swap the screen buffers
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    }
    // Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
    // Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
    if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

如果出现下图所示的效果，则环境配置成功

遇到的错误

提示dyld: Library not loaded: /opt/homebrew/opt/glfw/lib/libglfw.3.dylib，详细错误信息如下：

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dyld: Library not loaded: /opt/homebrew/opt/glfw/lib/libglfw.3.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/tingyue/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/测试opengl-cveeuitmqxwjawbhmdcvrxupnsvp/Build/Products/Debug/测试opengl
  Reason: no suitable image found.  Did find:
	/opt/homebrew/opt/glfw/lib/libglfw.3.dylib: code signature in (/opt/homebrew/opt/glfw/lib/libglfw.3.dylib) not valid for use in process using Library Validation: mapped file has no Team ID and is not a platform binary (signed with custom identity or adhoc?)
	/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glfw/3.3.6/lib/libglfw.3.3.dylib: code signature in (/opt/homebrew/Cellar/glfw/3.3.6/lib/libglfw.3.3.dylib) not valid for use in process using Library Validation: mapped file has no Team ID and is not a platform binary (signed with custom identity or adhoc?)

解决办法：
找到项目的Signing&Capabilities选项，然后勾选Disable Library Validation选项，重新运行起来就可以了。

Demo下载

下载Demo工程

参考链接

Mac下Xcode+OpenGL环境搭建
创建窗口